1,4-dihydroxypolyhalopolyhydro - 5,8-methano - 2,3 - naphthalenedicarboxylic acids and corresponding anhydrides

ABSTRACT

NOVEL COMPOSITIONS OF MATTER COMPRISING HALO-SUBSTITUTED 1,4-DIHYDROXYPOLYHALOMETHANONAPHTHALENEDICARBOXYLIC ACIDS OR ANHYDRIDES THEREOF, AS EXEMPLIFIED BY 1,4DIHYDROXY-5,6,7,8,9,9-HEXACHLORO-1,2,3,4,4A,5,8,8A-OCTAHYDRO-5,8-METHANO -2,3-NAPHTHALENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID OR ANHYDRIDE ARE USEFUL AS ADDITIVES FOR PLASTICCS, POLYMERS, RESINS, ETC. WHEREBY FLAMEPROOF OR FIRE-RETARDANT PROPERTIES ARE ADDED THERETO. IN ADDITION, THESE COMPOSITIONS OF MATTER ALSO FORM AN ELEMENT OF OTHER COMPOSITIONS OF MATTER WHICH ARE PREPARED BY ADMIXING THE ACIDS OR ANHYDRIDES WITH A COMPOUND CONTAINING AT LEAST ONE REACTIVE FUNCTIONAL GROUP.

United States Patent 3,661,937 1,4-DIHYDROXYPOLYHALOPOLYHYDRO 5,8- METHANO 2,3 NAPHTHALENEDICAR- BOXYLIC ACIDS AND CORRESPONDING ANHYDRIDES Robert A. Dombro, Chicago, Ill., assignor to Umversal Oil Products Company, Des Plaines, Ill.

No Drawing. Continuation-impart of application Ser. No. 408,673, Nov. 3, 1964. This application Oct. 30, 1968, Ser. No. 772,045

Int. Cl. C07d 5/32; C070 6'1/28 U.S. Cl. 260346.3 6 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Novel compositions of matter comprising halo-substituted 1,4-dihydroxypolyhalomethanonaphthalenedicarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof, as exemplified by 1,4- dihydroxy-5,6,7,8,9,9-hexachloro 1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-5,8-methano-2,B-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid or anhydride are useful as additives for plastics, polymers, resins, etc. whereby llameproof or fire-retardant properties are added thereto.

In addition, these compositions of matter also form an element of other compositions of matter which are prepared by admixing the acids or anhydrides with a compound containing at least one reactive functional group.

This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application, Ser. No. 408,673, filed Nov. 3, 1964, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,452,083 issued June 24, 1969.

This invention relates to novel compositions of matter comprising halo-substituted 1,4-dihydroxypolyhalomethanonaphthalenedicarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof. More specifically, the invention relates to these compositions of matter and to the use thereof as additives to polymers or other chemical compounds which contain at least one reactive functional substituent to produce a finished product which possesses certain desirable physical characteristics such as flame retardancy, etc.

In the past relatively few years the use of certain polymeric compositions of matter such as plastics and resins has increased to a great degree. In view of the fact that these plastics or resins are replacing materials heretofore used in certain places involving an excessive amount of heat and possible exposure to flame, it is necessary that these synthetic compounds possess the capability of being able to withstand the aforementioned effects of heat and/ or flame. For example, in recent years plastics and resins have been used in architectural paneling, electrical appliances and equipment and in other places where the possibility of contact with an open fiame is present. These synthetic materials must therefore possess the desirable physical characteristics of being resistant to flame or retardant to the action of the flame thereon. In addition to the use of these compounds in positions susceptible to flames, plastics and resins have also been used as acoustical sound deadeners in walls or ceilings, as bodies for airplanes, automobiles and boats and for many other uses too numerous to mention here. In all of the aforementioned uses the desirable characteristic of flame retardancy is a desirable characteristic of the synthetic materials.

In this respect the finished synthetic material such as a plastic or resin should contain, as one component thereof, a compound which will impart the aforementioned fire resistancy or flame retardancy to the finished product.

The novel compositions of matter of the present invention may be admixed with various compounds which contain at least one reactive functional substituent. These compounds will include plastics, polymers, co-polymers,

ice

naturally occurring textiles or fabrics such as cotton, wool, linen, etc., naturally occurring and synthetic rubber, leather and other fibers, etc. Examples of polymers and co-polymers which may be treated with these dicarboxylic acids to form novel compositions of matter will include an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene formulation (commonly known as ABS), foams such as polyurethane formulations, polyesters such as those prepared from maleic anhydride and ethylene glycol, polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, ethylene-propylene, polyisoprene, terpolymers, etc., polyphenyl ethers (polyphenylene oxide), which may or may not have been modified with styrene, acrylate and methacrylate polymers and co-polymers, polyamides, polyoxymethylenes, polyalkylene oxides such as polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, allyl resins and furan resins, phenolic resins, epoxy resins, polysulfones, various cellulose derivatives such as the acetate, butyrate, acetate-butyrate, nitrile cellulose, cellulose propionate derivatives, etc. These various compounds containing at least one reactive substituent are only representative of the class of compounds and it is to be understood that the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto.

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide novel compositions of matter which will impart desirable physical characteristics to plastics or resins.

A further object of this invention is to provide a novel composition of matter which, when utilized as an element in the preparation of articles of commerce, will afford flame retardancy or flameproofing to the finished product.

One aspect of this invention is found in a novel compound having the formula:

in which R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl and halogen radicals and X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halogen radicals, at least two Xs being halogen.

Another aspect of this invention will be found in a composition of matter comprising a compound containing at least one reactive functional group and a halosubstituted dihydroxypolyhydromethanonaphthalenedicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof.

Other objects and embodiments will be found in the following further detailed description of the present invention.

As hereinbefore set forth, the present invention is concerned with novel compositions of matter which generically may be referred to as halo-substituted dihydroxypolyhydromethanonaphthalenedicarboxylic acids, these compounds being useful as monomers in the preparation of plastics, resins, or as additives to other synthetic or naturally occurring compounds. It is contemplated Within the scope of this invention that the novel compounds may be polymerized to form a polyester, said polyester containing an unsaturated portion which will allow further polymerization initiated by peroxide or air drying. The novel compositions of matter of the present invention are obtained in a three-step process. The first step of the process involves the reaction of furan with an olefinic dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof. Examples of olefinic dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof which may be used include maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, ehloromaleic anhydride, citraconic acid, diphenylmaleic acid, mesaconic acid, etc. For purposes of the present specification, the term olefinic dicarboxylic acid and anhydride will refer to a dicarboxylic acid containing only one ethylenic double bond and comprising only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Furan and the olefinic dicarboxylic acid or anhydride are condensed at temperatures ranging from about up to about 200 C. or more and preferably in a range of from about 25 to about 100 C. The two starting materials can be admixed per se or, if so desired, solutions of the starting materials in substantially inert organic solvents such as n-pentane solutions, n-hexane solutions, benzene solutions, toluene solutions, ether solutions, etc. may be admixed.

The product resulting from the aforementioned condensation, namely, an epoxy tetrahydrophthalic acid, anhydride, or homolog thereof, is then further condensed with a halosubstituted cycloalkadienic compound to form the desired reaction product. For purposes of this invention, the term halocycloalkadiene as used in the specification will refer to both monoand polyhalo-substituted cycloalkadienes. Examples of the halo-substituted cycloalkadienes which may be used in the process of this invention include chloro-substituted 1,3-cyclopentadienes (hereinafter referred to as cyclopentadienes) such as 1chlorocyclopentadiene, 2-chlorocyclopentadiene, 1,2-dichlorocyclopentadiene, l,5-dichlorocyclopentadiene, 1,2,3-trichlorocyclopentadiene, l,2,3,4-tetrachlorocyclopentadiene, 1,2,- 3,4,5 pentachlorocyclopentadiene, hexachlorocyclopentadiene; bromo-substituted cyclopentadienes such as l-bromocyclopentadiene, 1,2. dibromocyclopentadiene, 1,2,3-

tribromocyclopentadiene, 1,2,3,4-tetrabromocyclopentadiene, 1,2,3,4,5 pentabromocyclopentadiene, hexabromocyclopentadiene, etc. In addition, it is also contemplated within the scope of this invention that the cyclopentadienes containing more than one species of halogen substituents may also be used, although not necessarily with equivalent results, such compounds including 1-chloro-2- cyclopentadiene, 1,2-dichloro 5,5 dibromocyclopentadiene, 2,3-dichloro-5,5-dibromocyclopentadiene, etc.

The condensation reaction between the epoxy tetrahydrophthalic acid, anhydride or homolog thereof and the halosubstituted cycloalkadiene is of the Diels-Alder type and may be effected at elevated temperatures in the range of from about 50 to about 250 C., the preferred range being from about 100 ot about 200 C. In addition, pressures ranging from atmospheric up to about 100 atmospheres or more may be used, the pressure being sufficient so as to maintain a major portion of the reactants in the liquid phase. If so desired, this condensa- 4 tion may be effected in the presence of an inert organic solvent including aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-Xylene, p-xylene, ethylbenzene, etc.; saturated parafiins and cycloparaffins such as n-pentane, n-

hexane, n-heptane, cyclopentane, methylcyclopentane, cy-

clohexane, cycloheptane, etc.; ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, etc.; or acetone, etc., the aromatic solvents usually comprising the preferred solvents.

The halo-substituted polyhydroepoxymethanonaphthalenedicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof which is prepared according to the above paragraph is then treated with an oxygenated acid, either inorganic or organic in nature, to prepare the desired product. Examples of oxygenated acids which may be used include inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, polyphosphoric acid, triphosphoric acid, tetraphosphoric acid, orthophosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, ete.; organic acid such as methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, etc. The treatment of the halo-substituted polyhydroepoxymethanonaphthalenedicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof with the aforementioned acid is usually effected at elevated temperatures ranging from about 30 up to about 150 C. or more and preferably in a range of from about 50 to about C. The resulting product which comprises the desired compound utilizable as a monomer for the preparation of flameretardant plastics or resins is generically referred to as a halo-substituted dihydroxypolyhydromethanonaphthalenedicarboxylic acid.

To illustrate the aforementioned steps hereinbefore described, the preparation of 1,4-dihydroxy-5,=6,7,8,9, 9-hexachloro-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a octahydro 5,8 methano-2,3- naphthalenedicarboxylic acid is illustrated in a typical reaction scheme hereinafter set forth utilizing furan and maleic anhydride as the starting materials, treating the first condensation product with hexachlorocyclopentadiene and thereafter treating the resultant product with sulfuric acid.

C\ C1 C1 C o c1 c].

The process for preparing the novel compositions of matter which constitute the present invention may be effected in any suitable manner and may comprise either a batch or continuous type operation. For example, when a batch type operation is used, a quantity of furan and the olefinic dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof is placed in an apropriate apparatus, preferably a condensation vessel, at the proper operating conditions of temperature and allowed to condense. Following this, the epoxy tetrahydrophthalic acid or anhydride is recovered by conventional means such as fractional distillation, crystallization, etc. and placed in a second condensation apparatus along with a halo-substituted cycloalkadiene, this condensation being effected in the presence of an inert organic solvent. The condensation vessel is heated to the desired temperature and, after a predetermined residence time, the vessel is cooled and the halo-substituted polyhydroepoxymethanonaphthalenedicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof is separated from the unreacted starting materials by conventional means and recovered. This product is then treated with an oxygenated acid in an appropriate vessel at temperatures ranging from about 50 to about 100 C. and the desired product, after completion of the desired residence time, is recovered.

It is also contemplated that the novel compositions of matter of the present invention may be prepared by utilizing a continuous type of operation. When such type of operation is used, the starting materials comprising furan and the olefinic dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof are continuously charged to a reaction vessel maintained at the proper operating conditions of temperature and pressure. If so desired, this reaction may be effected in the presence of an inert organic solvent such as a low molecular weight ether. The resultant epoxy tetrahydrophthalic anhydride is continuously withdrawn from the reaction vessel and charged to a second condensation vessel which is also maintained at the proper operating conditions of temperature and pressure. In addition, the halo-substituted cycloalkadiene is continuously charged to this second reaction vessel which is maintained at the proper operating conditions of temperature and pressure through a separate line. Alternatively, the halo-substituted cycloalkadiene may be admixed with an inert organic solvent, thereafter further admixed with the epoxy tetrahydrophthalic anhydride and the mixture charged to the reactor in a single stream. The resultant halo-substituted polyhydroepoxymethanonaphthalenedicarboxylic acid or anhydride is continuously Withdrawn and charged to a treating vessel wherein it undergoes treatment with an acid of the type hereinbefore set forth in greater detail at temperatures ranging from 50 to about 100 C. The reactor efiluent is continuously withdrawn from this vessel and charged to a separator wherein the desired product comprising the halo-substituted dihydroxypolyhydromethanonaphthalenedicarboxylic acid is separated from unreacted starting materials and recovered. It is to be understood that in a continuous process of this type in each case the reactor efiluent from the first and second condensation zones, as well as the third treating zone, is subjected to a separation wherein the desired product from each zone is separated from the unreacted starting materials in each step, the latter being recycled to form a portion of the feed stock to each respective reaction zone.

Examples of novel compositions of matter which may be prepared according to the process of this invention comprise halo-substituted dihydroxypolyhydromethanonaphthalenedicarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof in which the nuclear carbon atoms in the 1,4,4a, and 8a positions on the ring are saturated. In addition, the hydroxy substituents of the compound are situated on the saturated ring at the 1 and 4 positions of the compound. Specific representative examples of these compounds will include 1,4-dihydroxy 5,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro- 5,8-methano-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-dibromo-1,2,'3,4, 4a,5, 8,8a-octahydro- 5,8-methano+2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydroxy-6,7-dichloro-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro- 5,'8-methano-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydroxy-6,7-dibromo-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro- 15,8-methano-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydroxy-5, 6,7,8-tetrach1oro-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-S,-8-methano-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrabromo-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-ctahydro-5,8-methano-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8,9,9-hexachloro-l,2,3,4,4a,5,-8,8a-

ootahydro-S,8-methano-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8,9,9-hexabromo-l,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-

octahydro-5,'8-methano-2,3-naphthalenediwrboxylic acid,

6 1,4-dihydroxy-2-methyl-5,-6,7,8,9,9-hexachlorol,2,3,4,4a,

l5,8,8a-octahydro-5,8-methano-2,B-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-methyl-5,*6,7,8,9,9-hexachloro :1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-5,8-methano-2,3- naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride, l,4-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-5,6,7,8,9,9-hexachloro- 1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-5,'8-methano-2,3- naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethyl-5, 6,7,8,9,9-hexachloro l,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-ootahydro-5,8-methano-2,3- naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-5,8-dichloro-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-

octahydro-S,8-methano-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid,

1 ,4-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-5 ,8 -dich1orol ,2,3 ,4,4a,5,'8,8a-

octahydro-S,8-methano2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride,

1,4-dihydroxy-2,5,6,7,8-pentachloro-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-

octahydro-5,8-methano-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 3

1,4-dihydroxy-2,5,6,7,8-pentachloro-1,Q,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-

octahydro-S,8-methano-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride,

1,4-dihydroxy-2,3,5, 6,7,8-hexachloro l,2,3,4,4a,5,'8,8a-

octahydro-5,8-methano-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid,

1,4-dihydroxy-2,3,5, 6,7,8-hexachloro-l,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-

octahydro-5,8-rnethano-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride,

l,4-dihydroXy-2,3,5,6,7,8,9,9-octachloro-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8aoctahydro-S,8-methano-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid,

1,4-dihydroxy-2,3,5,6,7,8,9,9-octachloro-l,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8aoctahydro-S,8-methano-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride, etc.

It is to be understood that the aforementioned compounds are only representative of the class of novel compounds which may be prepared, and that the present process is not necessarily limited thereof.

The novel compositions of matter of the present invention as hereinbefore set forth, may be utilized as monomers or additives for plastics, resins, polymers, copolymers, textiles, naturally occurring products such as leather, wood or paints, coatings, etc., said novel compositions of matter providing desirable physical properties such as flame retardance or fire resistance. For example, the halo-substituted 1,4 dihydroxypolyhydromethanonaphthalenedicarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof may be used as additives with polymeric olefins such as polypropylene or polyethylene whereby the final product will possess advantageous physical properties such as an increased stability against deterioration, weathering or aging which has been inducted by chemical, physical, biological agents or radiation. In addition, the polymeric olefins will have a higher ignition point as well as a high degree of flame retardancy. Another example of polymeric products which may be treated with the novel compositions of matter of the present invention will in clude epoxy resins such as the condensation product of epichlorohydrin and bis-phenol-A. The epoxy resin, in an uncured state, will usually be thermolplastic and may range from low 'viscosity liquids to high melting point brittle solids. The resins may be cured by utilizing a curing agent such as phthalic anhydride and thereafter admixing the resulting mixture with a halo-substituted 1,4 dihydroxypolyhydromethanonaphthalenedicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof of the type hereinbefore set forth in greater detail. Thereafter, the mixture will be cured by treatment at an elevated temperature for a predetermined period of time. The resultant product will have the physical characteristics thereof altered to their desirable values as pertains to color stability, flame retardancy, etc., and thus may be utilized for various purposes such as floor surfacings, coatings, etc. Other types of polymeric compounds which may be treated with the novel compositions of matter of the present invention will include polyphenyl ethers (polyphenylene oxides) which have been modified by treatment with styrene, etc.

In addition, it is also contemplated that the compounds may also be utilized as components of finished plastics or resins which will also have the physical characteristics thereof altered in such a manner so that the finished product will possess any desirable properties such as being fire resistant, flame retardant, stable as pertains to color deterioration, etc. The monomers comprising the halosubstituted l,4dihydroxypolyhydromethanonaphthalenedicarboxylic acids or anhydride thereof may be polymerized to form unsaturated halogenated polyesters, or they may be co-polymerized via the dicarboxylic acid or anhydride functions with di-, tri-, etc., hydroxy compounds such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, hydroquinone, catechol, resorcinol, etc., glycerol, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol, etc. and via the dihydroxy function with di-, tri-, etc., carboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, etc., tricarballylic acid, etc., phthalic acids, mellitic aicds, etc. and anhydrides such as maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, glutaconic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, etc. to form polyesters. These polyesters will contain an unsaturated portion of the molecule which will allow further polymerization, said further polymerization being initiated by peroxide or air drying. The polyesters thus prepared may comprise low molecular weight unsaturated compounds which can then be epoxidized and used as stabilizing plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride resins. It is also contemplated that the unsaturated polyester may be further reacted with vinyl monomers such as styrene to form compounds which are utilizable as thermal setting resins. If the polyester resin contains OH terminals, it may be admixed with a diisocyanate such as, for example, tolylene diisocyanate to form polyurethane intermediates which may then be foamed by the addition of a foaming agent such as water, tertiary alcohols, etc. to form the desired polyurethane foams. The preparation of the polyester plastic or resin may be effected at temperatures ranging from room temperature up to about 300 C. for a residence time ranging from a few minutes up to about 25 hours, the residence time being inversely proportional to the temperature at which the reaction is carried out.

The novel compositions of matter of the present invention may be compounded or admixed with the compound containing at least one reactive functional substituent of the type hereinbefore set forth in greater detail in any conventional manner. For example, depending upon the particular physical form of the compound containing the reactive functional substituent, the two components may be mixed in a mixer, may be milled or may be extruded through a suitable apparatus subsequent to the admixing to thus prepare the desired compound. It is contemplated within the scope of this invention that any mode of admixing the two components which is known in the art may be used, the above methods being merely set forth as illustrative examples of possible ways in which the desired compositions of matter may be formed. The halo-substituted 1,4-dihydroxypolyhydromethanonaphthalenedicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof will be present in the finished compositions of matter in an amount of from about to about 50% by weight of the finished product while the compound containing the reactive functional substituent will be present in an amount ranging from about 50% to about 95% by weight.

The following examples are given to illustrate the procass of the present invention which, however, are not in tended to limit the generally broad scope of the present invention in strict accordance therewith.

8 EXAMPLE I In this example 2 moles of maleic anhydride are dissolved in about 600 cc. of anhydrous ethyl ether at a temperature of about 30 C. Following this, 2 moles of furan are then added. The resulting pale yellow solution is allowed to stand for 16 hours whereby the product is deposited as well-formed crystals. The crystals are separated from the solution, said crystals comprising 3,6-epoxy-l,2, 3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride.

The 3,6 epoxy-l,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride which is prepared according to the above paragraph is then mixed with a molecular proportion of hexachlorocyclopentadiene in a xylene solvent. This mixture is heated to a temperature of about 150 C. and maintained thereat for a period of about 2 hours. At the end of this time the flask and contents thereof are allowed to cool to room temperature and the product is subjected to fractional crystallization. The desired product comprising 5,6,7,8,9,9 hexachloro 1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4- epoxy-S,8-methano-2,3naphthalenedicarboxylic acid anhydride is separated and recovered.

The acid anhydride prepared according to the above paragraph is then placed in a reaction vessel along with an excess of dilute sulfuric acid. The mixture is heated to a temperature of about 50 C. for a period of about 2 hours. At the end of this time the flask and contents thereof are allowed to cool to room temperature and the desired product comprising 1,4-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8,9,9-hexachloro l,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a octahydro-5,8-methano-2,3- naphthalenedicarboxylic acid is separated and recovered by fractional crystallization.

EXAMPLE II In this example 2 moles of maleic anhydride are dissolved in anhydrous ethyl ether and 2 moles of fnran are added thereto. The solution is allowed to stand for 16 hours during which time crystals are formed. The crystals are separated from the mother liquor and purified.

Following this, equimolar proportions of the anhydride and hexabromocyclopentadiene are placed in a condensation flask along with xylene and heated to a temperature of 150 to 165 C. for a period of about 6 hours. At the end of this time the flask and contents are cooled to room temperature and the condensation product comprising 5,6,7,8,9,9 hexabromo-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-1,4- epoxy-S,8-methano-2,3naphthalenedicarboxylic acid anhydride is separated and recovered by fractional crystallization.

The anhydride prepared according to the above paragraph is placed in a reaction vessel along with an excess of dilute sulfuric acid and treated in a manner similar to that set forth in Example I above. The desired product comprising 1,4-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8,9,9-hexabromo-1,2,3,4, 4a,5,8,8a octahydro 5,8 methano 2,3 naphthalenedicarboxylic acid is separated and recovered by fractional crystallization.

EXAMPLE III In this example 5,6,7,8,9,9-hexachloro-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8aoctahydro 1,4-epoxy-5,8-methano-2,3naphthalenedicarboxylic acid anhydride which is prepared according to the process set forth in Example I above is treated with various dilute aqueous acids such as phosphoric acid and methanesulfonic acid at temperatures ranging from 50 to 100 C., the desired product comprising 1,4-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8, 9,9 hexachloro-l,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-5,8-methano- 2,3naphthalenedicarboxylic acid being recovered in each case.

EXAMPLE IV To illustrate the use of an acid of the type prepared according to the above paragraphs, a polyester resin may be prepared by charging equimolar proportions of ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol to a flask which is then swept with nitrogen and heated to a temperature between and C. Following this, 1,4-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8,9,9-

9 hexachloro 1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-5,8-methano-2,3- naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and maleic anhydride are added to the flask. The flask is then heated to a temperature of about 160 C. and maintained at a temperature in the range of from about 165 to about 175 C. for a period of about 6 hours. At the end of the desired residence time the resin is recovered and separated from unreacted starting materials.

EXAMPLE V In this example a polyester resin may be prepared by charging ethylene glycol to a reaction vessel which is thereafter swept with nitrogen. The flask is heated to a temperature in the range of from about 90 to about 100 C. and some 1,4-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8,9,9-hexabromo-1,2,3,4, 4a,5,8,8a octahydro 5,8-methano-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid is added thereto. Following this, diethylene glycol which is preheated to a temperature of about 80 C. is added thereto, followed by the addition of more of the acid. The temperature of the flask is then raised and maintained in a range of from about 165 to about 175 C. At the end of about 8 hours, maleic anhydride is added and the reaction is allowed to proceed for an additional period of 8 hours. At the end of this time the resin is recovered and is further treated by the addition of styrene. The mixture is heated to a temperature of about 70 to about 90 C. and maintained thereat for a period of about 2 hours. At the end of this time the polyester resin resulting from the admixture of the styrene and the previously prepared resin is recovered.

EXAMPLE VI A liquid epoxy resin having an epoxide equivalent weight of 190 and known in the trade as Epon 828 is admixed with l,4-dihydroxy-5,-6,7,8,9,9-hexachloro-1,2,3, 4,4a,5,8,8a octahydro-5,8-methano-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and phthalic anhydride. The resulting mixture is then heated until said mixture becomes homogenous and is thereafter poured into molds which are prepared from glass sheets using Teflon spacers. In addition, a mold release agent is also used to facilitate the removal of the cured resin from the mold. The molds are placed in an air-circulating oven and allowed to cure for a period of about 6 hours at a temperature of about 110 C. The sheets are then removed from the mold, cut into strips, and are evaluated for flame retardancy. In addition to possessing excellent heat distortion temperatures and hardness, as measured by a Shore durometer, the cured resin will be found to be self-extinguishing when removed from the direct action of a flame.

EXAMPLE VII In like manner, a mixture is made by admixing a polymer comprising polyphenyl ether (polyphenylene oxide) which has been modified with styrene and 1,4-dihydroxy- 5,6,7,8,9,9 hexachloro 1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-5,8 methano 2,3 naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride, said compounds being admixed at an elevated temperature in order to insure that the mixture is homogenous. After the mixture is poured into molds and allowed to cool, the resulting composition of matter is removed and, upon testing, will be found to be self extinguishing when removed from the direct action of a flame.

EXAMPLE VIII In this example, a mixture comprising a commercial high molecular weight polypropylene and 1,4-dihydroxy- 5,6,7,8,9,9 hexachloro 1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-5,8- methano 2,3-naphthalene-dicarboxylic anhydride are admixed in a milling machine along with a commercial antioxidant, the final composition of matter containing about 85 weight percent of polypropylene and 15 weight percent of the antioxidant. After admixing for a period of about minutes at 185 C., the resulting composite is cut into strips, said strips containing a glass cloth in the center of the strips to prevent dripping during the combustion test. A high molecular weight polypropylene which does not contain any anhydride but only the antioxidant is also cut into strips similar in nature to those hereinbefore described. The strips are then burned in an apparatus similar to one which is described by C. P. Fenimore and J. F. Martin in the November 1966 issue of Modern Plastics. Upon completion of the burning tests, it will be found that the strip of polypropylene which doe not contain any additive possesses a relatively low oxygen index and a rapid rate of burning while the polypropylene strip which contained the anhydride will possess a higher oxygen index and a much slower rate of burning.

EXAMPLE X In this example, polyurethane foam is prepared and divided into two parts. One part has added thereto a sufficient amount of l,4-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8,9,9-hexachloro-l, 2,3,4a,5,8,8a octahydro-5,8-methano-2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride in an amount suflicient so that the foam will contain about 3.5% chlorine. The foams are then subjected to a burning test utilizing the process set forth in the ASTM 1692-59T method of determining flammability data. It will be found that the foam which contains the additive will have a much lower flammability rate, that is, it will take a realtively longer period of time for the foam to burn the necessary distance than will the foam which does not contain any additive.

Likewise, polycarbonates, polymethyl methacrylate which contain the halo-substituted 1,4-dihydroxypolyhydromethano-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof, when subjected to flammability tests, will be found to exhibit a higher degree of flame retardancy, will have a higher oxygen index, and will also exhibit greater stability as regards color deterioration when exposed to the direct action of sunlight over an extended period of time than will compounds or polymers which do not contain this additive.

I claim as my invention:

1. A compound of the formula:

in which each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, phenyl and halogen, and each X is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halogen, at least two Xs being halogen, the aforesaid halogen being either chlorine or bromine.

2. The compound as defined in claim 1 in which the halogen is chlorine. 

